We use many words to indicate contrast,
reasons, results, and purpose. We use them to link different parts of a sentence and they are very common in English and Spanish.
Utilizamos muchas palabras para
indicar el contraste, razones, resultados, y el propósito. Las utilizamos para unir partes diferentes de una frase y son muy cotidianas en inglés y castellano.
El contraste - contrast
although aunque
Although
she doesn't like her job, she works hard.
even though aunque, a pesar de
que
Even though she was late, she said nothing!
though aunque
Though
they were invited, they didn't come to the party.
in spite of a pesar de
In
spite of the bad weather, they went to the shop.
despite a pesar de
Despite
the rain, we went to Cádiz.
while mientras
He is French
while his wife is Spanish.
whereas mientras que
He is
quiet whereas his sister is noisy.
Razón/resultado – reason/result
because porque
He
ran to the house because
he was late.
because of debido
a, a causa de
We didn't go out because
of the rain.
as porque
I prepared coffee as
you don't like tea.
since porque
(no después)
I didn't buy it since
I had no money.
so
así
que, por lo que
I was late so
I ran for the train.
as
a result como
resultado
It was raining. As
a result,
we stayed home.
therefore por
lo tanto, por eso
It was cheap therefore
I bought it.
Propósito – purpose
to para
I
went to Paris to
learn French.
in
order to para
I
went to Paris in
order to
learn French.
so
as to para
I
went to Paris so
as to
learn French.
for ..-ing para
I
bought some cloth for making clothes.
Normalmente, for + -ing es una construcción que describe el propósito de una cosa. En este caso, es el propósito de la tela, que es una cosa. Si el énfasis es en la persona, utilizamos una forma diferente, como in order to.
I bought some cloth in order to make clothes. En este caso, el propósito pertenece a la persona, no a la cosa.
Podemos utilizar "for" para hablar de un propósito de una persona cuando viene seguido de un nombre pero no de un verbo.
Ejemplo:
We went to the restaurant for lunch. Lunch es un nombre.
Pero: We went to the restaurant for to eat lunch - es incorrecta. We went to the restaurant to eat lunch - esa frase es correcta.
so
that para
que
We left early so
that
we won't arrive late.
just
in case por
sí acaso
Take
an umbrella just
in case
it rains.
Pero ¡ten cuidado!
as, while, since pueden referir al tiempo también. Por ejemplo:
As/while I was reading the book, I saw the bird.
Mientras leía yo el libro, yo veía el pájaro.
Since I was in Jerez, I have been in Cádiz.
Desde estaba en Jerez, he estado en Cádiz.
