Los sustantivos se dividen en dos
grupos dependiendo de si se pueden combinar con numeros - se llaman
contables y incontables. Es lo mismo en inglés - se describen como
countable y uncountable. Nouns are divided into two
groups depending on whether they combine with numbers - they are
called countable and uncountable.
Ejemplos de los contables (countable) en castellano incluyen: un coche (car), una
película (film), un niño (child).
Ejemplos de los incontables (uncountable) son: trigo (wheat), lana (wool), dinero (money), agua (water), electricidad (electricity).
Countable nouns
(sustantivos contables)
- We can count them - Podemos contarlos
- There are singulars and plurals - Hay singulares y plurales
- We can use a, an (indefinite article) - Podemos utilizar: a, an (artículo indefinido)
- a dog is an animal
- a car is a vehicle
- With plurals we can use the word on its own - con plurales podemos utilizar la palabra sin nada más.
- I like apples, I don't like oranges
- We can use some, any, a few, many
- many cars, a few apples, some children, any chairs
Uncountable
nouns (sustantivos incontables)
- We can't count them - no podemos contarlos
- We need to use a singular verb - necesitamos utilizar un verbo en el singular
- The water is hot, the information is important
- We don't say a/an - no decimos a/an
- no decimos "a music" sino "a piece of music"
- no decimos "a water" sino "a bottle of/glass of water"
- I drink water, I listen to music
- We use some/any but not many/a few - utilizamos some/any pero no many/a few
- some water, any music, but not "many water", "a few music"
Some nouns are
countable and uncountable
Algunos sustantivos son contables y incontables
We need to look at the context to distinguish between them. Necesitamos mirar al contexto para distinguir entre ellos.
glass - vaso (contable), vidrio (incontable)
light - lámpara (contable), luz (incontable)
noise - ruido (contable), ruido (incontable - por ejemplo un montón
de ruido)
time - vez (contable), tiempo (incontable)
room - habitación (contable), espacio (incontable)
hair - cabello (contable), pelo (incontable)
...
Collections, parts and groups - colecciones, partes y grupos
When we talk about uncountable nouns, we often use the structure:
Cuando hablamos de los sustantivos incontables, a menudo utilizamos la estructura
a [ ] of
a slice of
bread/meat/cheese - rebanada, rodaja, loncha, tira, trozo,
pedazo, tajada, raja, porción... (¡tantas palabras diferentes en español!)
a loaf of
bread - pieza/barra de pan
a bunch of flowers - ramo de
flores
a bunch of grapes - racimo de
uvas
a bunch of bananas - racimo de
plátanos
a herd of
cows/pigs/goats - rebaño de vacas/cerdos/cabras,
manada (animales salvajes)
a flock of birds - bandada
a flock of sheep - rebaño
a school of
fish/whales/dolphins/penguins - escuela
a pack of dogs - jauría
a pack of cards - baraja
a pinch of salt - pizca
a touch of class - toque
a glass of wine - vaso
a cup of tea/coffee - taza
a load of work/trouble - montón
a sense of humour - sentido
del humor
a way of life - estilo de
vida, modo de vida, forma de vida
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